A Biographical Dictionary of Freethinkers of All Ages and Nations by J. M. Wheeler

A pioneering reference work celebrating the lives and ideas of those who dared to challenge religious and intellectual orthodoxy.

In A Biographical Dictionary of Freethinkers of All Ages and Nations, J. M. Wheeler compiles concise yet illuminating biographies of philosophers, scientists, writers, reformers, and skeptics from across history and around the world. From ancient Greece to the Enlightenment and beyond, these individuals share a common thread: a commitment to reason, inquiry, and freedom of thought—often in defiance of powerful institutions.

Wheeler’s work is more than a reference; it is a tribute to intellectual courage and the long struggle for secularism, critical thinking, and humanistic values. First published in the late 19th century, it remains a valuable resource for students of philosophy, religious studies, and freethought history.

Essential reading for anyone interested in the lives of those who helped shape the modern world through independent thought.